Native Americans and the Issue of Alcoholism free essay sample

Following the European intrusion in America, Native Americans arrived at persevere through numerous issues. While some have blurred, others despite everything wait on in their lives. The issue of liquor and liquor addiction is one of them. From pioneers utilizing it to delude, to today’s issues on the booking, liquor has assumed an overwhelming job in the lives of Native Americans. Knowing how the issue of liquor turned out to be such a prevail some portion of Native Americans lives will permit us to bring forth thoughts on the most proficient method to end the issue. Before the homesteaders showed up in America, Native Americans had next to zero information on mixed refreshments. â€Å"Stereotypes of Native Americans† standard. 1 ). Low liquor refreshments were delivered by certain clans however this was just utilized for stately practices (â€Å"History of Alcohol Among Native Americans† standard 2). At the point when the Europeans entered America they brought over refreshments that supplanted the liquor percent of any beverage delivered by Indians. European colonization is the thing that acquainted liquor with the Native Americans, yet mass utilization didn't happen until the seventeenth century (â€Å"Stereotypes of Native Americans† standard. 2). As the hide exchange started picking up force in the seventeenth century, so did the liquor exchange. Some European merchants offered liquor during the exchanging procedure to control the Native Americans (Eshkibok standard. 7). Additionally, skins and hides where being exchanged for liquor rather than necessities the Indian individuals required. This happened on the grounds that the more youthful Native American men, who got dependent on liquor, had command over the exchange and picked the liquor over different things. These choices left Indian countries in conditions of destitution and left them in trouble managing the attacking Europeans (â€Å"Stereotypes of Native Americans† standard. ). As more Europeans entered American, an ever increasing number of Native Americans were constrained into reservations. These reservations left Indians in mass neediness, social stun and with no chasing grounds. Reservations with these issues are reproducing justification for social issues, including liquor addiction. Numerous suppositions have been made with regards to why the Indians turn ed out to be so dependent on liquor. The greatest factor that causes the liquor addiction is the way life on the reservations is for Native Americans. As said previously, neediness and social stun causes despondency among the number of inhabitants in the booking, which prompts substance maltreatment to fix these emotions. There are a couple of measurements one must consider, introduced in an article by Peter Katel. In reservations across the country, forty nine percent of the populace is jobless; that is multiple times the national normal. Additionally, passings from liquor abuse are in any event 600 and multiple times higher than the national normal. These insights show how life on the booking is immeasurably unique. With such a feeling of gloom in the reservations, it is justifiable why individuals go to substances for an outlet. While most accuse the states of the reservations, some fault can be put on the synthetic make-up and hereditary qualities of the Native Americans themselves. Contingent upon race, the time it takes to utilize liquor varies. On account of Native Americans, the time it takes to use liquor is lower (Ringwalt standard. 3). This distinction in processing rates could clarify why the Indians built up a propensity to liquor immediately when originally acquainted with it when the pioneer showed up. Numerous misguided judgments have shown up with the issues of liquor abuse in Native Americans however. Because of certain reservations having high populaces of heavy drinkers, generalizations have developed. Bars started showing signs precluding them to drink (â€Å"Stereotypes of Native Americans† standard. 5). As indicated by an article composed by graduate understudy Mike Eshkibok, the generalization has even advanced toward the big screen in motion pictures like Flags of our Fathers and Apocalypto ; â€Å"These ground-breaking films portray Indians in a rough or cliché way, recommending that all Indians are beset with medication and liquor problems† (standard. ). This generalization has ventured to have individuals accept that Indians are either savvy elderly people men, or alcoholics (Nerburn pg. 185). Logical investigation likewise is influenced by these generalization and prompts one-sided results. Late investigations were found to have bogus outcomes about the level of Native American heavy drinkers from two reservations. Despite the fact that the aftereffects of the new examination found that the measure of drunkards on the booking were 50% higher than national midpoints, it was still significantly lower than the past investigation which found up to 80% f the men on the reservations were heavy drinkers (Ham standard. 2). With generalizations turning out to be expanded to such an extent that it influences logical investigations, a higher worry of tackling this issue must start. Local Americans have managed numerous issues after European colonization, and one of the predominant issues is liquor addiction. With the historical backdrop of liquor being an obtrusive and with current occasions prompting more instances of liquor addiction, it is difficult to state when the Native Americans will see the day when their networks are liberated from this difficulty. Segment 2: Alcoholism is an issue in numerous people groups lives. Yet, for Native Americans it has become an extremely basic issues affecting numerous individuals. Local Americans additionally influence more than wellbeing, issues like generalizing and control become possibly the most important factor. Two creators chose to remember the impacts of liquor for their works. By demonstrating the effects of liquor in Native Americans, individuals will have the option to see the troubles of the illness and attempt to beat a portion of the issues. In the play â€Å"Ghost Dance† by Annette Arkeketa, a ladies named Hokti is managing her issues of liquor addiction while she lays in a state of insensibility. You see the musings of both Hokti and her family sitting close by. This issues are raised show how each side is influenced by the sickness. Hokti herself is influenced by the â€Å"Alcohol Spirit† who considers her unfit to live with out liquor, while her family is tuning in to her more youthful sister Lori state how she has changed and how passing on would be best for her. The issues that are raised show how the family is influenced by the alcoholic girl and demonstrates that regardless of whether they are Native American, they are managing a tremendous issue. Arkeketa play is told by a man recounting to a story to two kids. He is attempting to clarify why there are not any more Native Americans. Liquor addiction is destroying the Native American culture and with out the quality of the Indians and the assistance from the outside world the Native Americans may never conquer the grip of liquor addiction. Arkeketa might be attempting to make this idea in her play. Hokti is hearing the expressions of her sister, the outside world, and is getting educated on how she is acting, while at the same time hearing this she is engaging, and extreme helping herself vanquish liquor. Liquor has likewise influenced the notorieties everything being equal, not simply the ones who are heavy drinkers. In Neither Wolf Nor Dog by Kent Nerburn, the issue of generalizing Indians is raised. Nerburn goes around with an Indian senior named Dan and hears his interpretation of issues confronting the Indian individuals. While at a bar in a nearby town, two alcoholic Native Americans stroll in and cause a ruckus. This sets Dan off on an anecdote about how individuals just consider Native To be as either the savvy older folks or alcoholic lazy pigs. At the point when they meet one of us who‘s not alcoholic they need to manage us†(185). This generalization is valid, and has been around for quite a while. Signs in bars expressing â€Å"We don’t offer to Indians†, and laws being passed to make selling liquor on reservations unlawful (â€Å"Stereotypes of Native Americans† standard. 7). Generalizing starts numerous questions about the Indian individuals, regardless of whether some decided not to drink or can endure themselves. Nerburn was asked by Dan to compose this book in order to dispel the normal confusions about Indians and to show how precisely they have been living. All through the story Nerburn experiences experienced issues making sense of how to compose the story. He is informed that he should not make it white or the message won't get over. Nerburn then chose to compose the story as is happens, in first individual. This makes the peruser as though themselves are Nerburn experiencing this excursion. So when perusers are encountering this excursion they truly come to acknowledge how the Native Americans are feeling and get another point of view. Along these lines of composing will enable the perusers to dissipate the generalizations they may have had, particularly on liquor addiction. Seeing a Native Americans perspective on issues like this truly gives the open a full perspective on issues like liquor abuse in Native American lives. With writers like Nerburn and Arkeketa expounding on the troubles of liquor abuse in Native Americans lives, individuals will start to perceive how the Native Americans are managing the issue and how some are associated despite the fact that they don’t experience the ill effects of the infections by any stretch of the imagination. At the point when individuals start to comprehend the issues, more exertion to fix it will come up.

Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Homers Iliad :: Iliad essays

Destiny and Destiny in The Iliad   The Iliad depicts destiny and fate as incomparable and extreme forces.  The Iliad presents the subject of who or what is at long last liable for a man's predetermination, yet the responses to this inquiry are not exactly clear.  In numerous occasions, it appears that man has no power over his destiny and fate, however at different focuses, it appears as though a man's destiny lies in the results of his activities and choices. Along these lines, The Iliad uncovers a man now and then controls his fate.   In The Iliad the god's destiny is controlled much similarly as a mortal's, aside from one significant distinction, the immortals can't bite the dust and hence don't have a fate. Eternal's lives may not be judged in light of the fact that they have not and won't kick the bucket. The divine beings can control mortal's destiny yet not their own directly.   In Book I, the plague is a consequence of the upsetting of Apollo.  The divine beings produce circumstances over trifling things, for example, overlooking a penance or, for this situation, offending Chryses.  The divine beings have hissy fits, and they switch sides rapidly and without consideration.  One day they secure the Achaeans, the nextt day the Trojans.  The divine beings play top choices with no sense at all of any of the good or policy centered issues engaged with the war.  Zeus does what he can, however the others carry on as if they were superior to all the rest , in a greater number of ways than one.  They have no empathy for their own sort, and their anxiety for man is even less.  Occasionally, the divine beings will show worry for one of their top picks when he is making some awful memories, yet it is very rare.  This disposition is the aftereffect of their own noxiousness against humankind and man's own inclination to unreasonable conduct or imprudence in loving the gods.  But usually, men wind up battling a power outside their ability to control.   The initial explanation of The Iliad contains the expression the desire of Zeus, and this mirrors the Greek's conviction that man is in the grasp of powers that he can't control.  It is likewise another method of saying that everything is destined and out of the hands of man.  Book XXII shows that the divine beings control the destinies of man:   Be that as it may, when they arrived at the springs for the fourth time,

The Road to Terror

The Road to TerrorThe Road to Terror: How Bill Clinton Created Al Qaeda, William J. Clinton, and How He Helped Unleash an Unprecedented War on Terror, by Alex Constantine, is the book that got me thinking about the serious shortcomings of his foreign policy. A number of his essay topics in this book serve as a concise and sound basis for future conduct of foreign policy. In fact, I found his discussion on the US invasion of Iraq to be insightful and factual. He certainly offers an argument for President Bush's policies to achieve the goal of eliminating the basis of the terrorist network.It is quite interesting to see that he begins his Introduction with, 'I started out as a young lawyer working on civil rights cases,' and then immediately goes on to say that he soon learned that he did not like the world and he left law school and started a family. Of course, he mentions in passing that his father had been a communist, but we soon realize that Bill is telling us that he was doing so mething very different from his father. The fact is that his father was in fact a liberal and 'In the best way possible' according to the elder Bill. However, by the time Bill reached college he had changed his mind about everything. Of course, by then he had become a great leader in politics.Bill's earlier topics include President Kennedy, the Clinton Administration, George W. Bush, and the Obama Administration. All of them were basically negative in their assessments of the previous Presidents and administrations. Of course, he does discuss his early political involvement, but other than that he never mentions his role in the early 1980s.In The Road to Terror, Bill talks about how much President Bush has changed in terms of foreign policy. He describes how the United States has become embroiled in a series of unnecessary wars. And he makes the statement that if people had known then what they know now, they would have voted differently. He mentions some specific cases where we wen t into war in the name of democracy.The real problem with Bill's essay topic, which makes it no better than any other book on foreign policy is that he fails to mention any details about the Algerian War. He doesn't even refer to the fact that it was his administration that forced a reluctant French government to give the go ahead to the invasion. We were supporting the French war against terrorism in Algeria before the trip was ever made.In fact, he does not refer to his predecessor's open admission of ignorance in matters of war. Bill Clinton said in reference to the Afghan war, 'we didn't lose a single soldier in Afghanistan.' A clear admission of failure to learn about the realities of war.The other important issue is the failure to provide the facts. Why was the United States responsible for the attack on the World Trade Center? We launched an expensive bombing campaign and the World Trade Center collapsed at almost free-fall speed. However, after the fact, the Bush Administrat ion falsely claimed that Osama Bin Laden himself brought down the building.There was no chance to get accurate information about the collapse of the buildings or the terrorists, in the minutes before the attack, either on video or photographs. Bill was more than able to provide these facts to his readers, but failed to do so. His essay topics were a disappointment, and it is difficult to figure out how he can claim the data is accurate, when the information provided was so sketchy.

Early Muslim Rule in India From 1206 to 1398 CE

Pregnancy A Delicate Period Of Time For The Baby Essay

Pregnancy is a very delicate period of time for the pregnant woman and her child. There are several factors that can interfere with the wellbeing of the baby before and after birth, and the pregnant woman. Although there are several structures and organs that protect the unborn baby, the mother needs to be careful during gestation, to protect the baby. One of the most important structures that support the embryo and fetus is the placenta. Besides its role metabolic, endocrine and immunologic functions, it is the connection between the mother and the fetus. The placenta is the organ responsible for the exchange of nourishment, oxygen and waste between them (London, Ladewig, Ball, Bindler Cowen, 2011, p. 72). However, besides transporting the essential substances for the baby’s life, the placenta can also transport substances that can potentially harm it. Teratogen is the name for everything that, besides genetic abnormalities, can negatively affect the embryo or fetus includin g medications, illegal and legal drugs, viruses, bacteria, maternal antibodies, pollution, and radiation (Belsky, 2013, 50). The effects of teratogens vary according to the gestational stage of exposure, and frequency and duration of exposure. In early pregnancy or embryonic stage is the most vulnerable time of pregnancy. During this first stage of pregnancy, teratogens may inhibit implantation or lead to major structural malformation because this is when they form (Belsky, 2013, 50). The frequency andShow MoreRelatedIs Abortion The Stop Of Pregnant And Parenting?918 Words   |  4 Pages Is Abortion Allowed Abortion is the stop of pregnant and parenting. Nowadays, abortion becomes more and more common to avoid pregnancy by pills or clinic because of the advancement of technology. 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Accounting Scandal (Xerox) Essay - 943 Words

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Rock Music Concert Report Essay Example For Students

Rock Music Concert Report Essay What theme does pop music typically use in the lyrics? Describe one pop song that uses this theme. Why is this theme such a popular one? Pop music theme in songs is usually dancing and partying and Just having fun. 3. What is disco? What are the characteristics of this music? Disco is a type of music thats started in the ass 4. What was the British Invasion? Which famous group was a part of this movement? What impact did the group have on pop music? Was when the British music culture connected with the American music 5. What is a boy band? What are some characteristics of a boy band? Is a band of Just boys Critical Thinking Questions 1 . Some of the music in the sass was used to protest social and political issues. Is music still used as a form of protest? Why or why not? Songs todays arena no longer used to protest but they do touch their listeners. 2. NNE of the changes in the music industry during the twentieth century was the increasing centralization of music. Has music become too commercial? Why or why not? Do you think that artists are creating music for money or for other reasons today? Yes music has become more commercial. I feel artist are making music that people want to hear and there only doing it for the money. 3. How has technology impacted pop music? Describe at least three technological changes that impacted and shaped pop music today or in the past. Technology impacted pop music in a way that instruments arena used as much anymore. 4. Pop music has often been seen as youth music. Why do you think pop music appeals to younger individuals? How has the industry promoted this idea? Usually pop music is a song by young artist that is why I feel it attracts younger individuals. 5. What is one popular pop artist or group (from today or from the past)? Why does this person/groups music fit into the pop genre? Why do you think the person/group was successful with their music One popular pop artist is Justine Bibber Hess young and fresh and his music attracts to younger crowds. Hess been successful with his music because he has a lot of fans, he sings and dances very well. Rock Music By giggliest

Wise Medical Center Organizational Design

Fooling and Disguise in Shakes essays

Fooling and Disguise in Shakes essays Fooling and Disguise in Shakespeares The Twelfth Night or What You Will The Twelfth Night, or What You Will was written by William Shakespeare during the sixteenth century. This play is full of romance, comedy, and especially fooling and disguise. The act of fooling is seen through many characters of the play such as, Viola, Olivia, Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, Maria, and of course Feste, the most important and intelligent character of the play. Shakespeares, The Twelfth Night, or What You Will, portrays a great significance of fooling and disguise through the main characters. Viola is a great example of disguise in the play. Her boy disguise is an emotional catalyst for everyone else in the play. Acting as Cesario, Viola fools everyone. She is a fool caught between Orsino and Olivia. While she is falling in love with Orsino, she is wooing Olivia as Cesario. She is full of intelligence, wit, and charm, which makes her a great fool. This is because the meaning of a fool in this play is an intelligent person who brings awareness to themselves and others. At the end of this play, Viola does bring out awareness in herself and others, such as Orsino. Olivia, the countess, is a great fool of the play as well. She fools everyone in the story when at the beginning, she mourns for her dead brother, but by the end she is more concerned with her love for Cesario, a male disguise for Viola. At the end, she realizes that she actually in love with a woman, disguised as a man, and then quickly reverses her love to someone she does not even know, Violas twin brother. Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, and Maria are a great team in the play. Sir Toby is Olivias uncle and his companion is Sir Andrew. Maria is Olivias servant, a lady in waiting. These three are the fools and the pranksters of the play. Sir Toby keeps Sir Andrew around only for his money, and in return, uses the money to get drunk. Sir ...

Reflection about the yellow wallpaper story Essay

Reflection about the yellow wallpaper story - Essay Example The woman is suffering from a condition of nervous depression that significantly affects her social life. When she comes back to the mansion that her husband had bought, she feels that there was something queer about the mansion, which had for so long had no occupants. Her husband who is her doctor confines her in a room upstairs because as he said the treatment the woman required that she engaged in no activity and particularly forbid her from writing and working. All this was done so she could achieve mental wellbeing. Separated from any form of intellectual stimulation and only her journal the woman starts a descent into obsession. The woman gets into a kind of fixation with the yellow wallpaper on the wall, this happens to be the only visual stimulation present within the room and around her confinement. Due to the isolation, the woman begins to perceive that there was another woman attempting to break free who was creeping in the room behind the wallpaper. In a bid to rescue the imprisoned woman, the narrator tears down pieces of the wallpaper to set her free. This story reflects the social norms present in the 19th century where the feminine gender was expected to fulfill duties of being mothers and wives and be content with the dominion of men over them. Women were consequently doomed to spend solely their lives in domestic spheres. Although John can be seen the dominant villain of the story; he is just but a reflection of the society that pushed women to the lowest society level when they tried to enter the masculine

Economics for Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Economics for Decision Making - Essay Example Their usual tool is always federal funds rate, the rate which banks pay on overnight loans to borrow from each other.     Open-Market Operations is another critical tool that when combined with favourable macroeconomic policy can help achieve desired growth as The Fed constantly sells and buys U.S. government securities more often than not in the financial markets, thus influences the level of reserves available the banking system. Should these tools be applied well throughout the 2015 and other tools, US will have even better and sustainable throughout 2015. Continental Airlines and United Airlines agreed to a $3 billion merger that would develop the world’s biggest airline, with more than 10 major hubs, dominating in Chicago, New York and Los Angeles. This through economic analysis is not beneficial to the consumers has it reduces supply and variety. In a way, it creates the monopoly. Monopoly always tends to increase prices thus consumers suffer from increased ticketing prices. The main aim of the merger is to eliminate competition and not- beneficial to consumers. International trade assists firms in increasing profits and sales as there is expanded market. Firms, particularly in the petroleum industry, are able to increase their market share. International trade allows wealthy firms to use their resources particularly those in manufacturing – whether in labour, capital or technology - more efficiently. Since they possess more assets and natural resources (, labour, technology and capital) Consumers are very much attracted to brand. Despite the availability of other good in equal quality and price brand plays an important role in consumer decision. For example, many popular supermarkets may offer cheaper brand to consumers with their brand name but still, many consumers consider traditionally known a brand of goods. Purchasing decision of any consumer may largely depend on the influence of others. When close friends and family choose a product, the likelihood of it is preferred by a particular consumer is high. For instance, many people today in the US choose mobile operators of their friends or family members.  Ã‚  

Conceptual Art: Responses to Capitalism

Conceptual Art: Responses to Capitalism When Situationism evolved from the Letterist movement, in the middle of the last century, it set itself up in opposition to two other two other politically motivated groups: Dadism and Surreallism. Situationism, however, was only incidentally political, and rather than subverting the art world, aimed only to redesign its context, including the attitudes of the public, so that art could become something anyone could do or enjoy- something integrated into everyday life. Historically, arts efforts to bring down capitalist structures from within have been very ill-fated, with artists finding themselves ignored, scorned, crushed or – perhaps worse- accessories to political agendas. Artists and writers must work harder than ever to devise means of opposing or exposing capitalisms deceptions, but many commentators appear to have reached the conclusion that the battle is barely worth fighting. As we shall see, Jean Baudrillard argues that criticism of the status quo is no longer possi ble through art or literature and that the only efficient way of dissenting from capitalist society is to commit suicide, Modern art wishes to be negative, critical, innovative and a perpetual surpassing, as well as immediately (or almost) assimilated, accepted, integrated, consumed. One must surrender to the evidence: art no longer contests anything. If it ever did. Revolt is isolated, the malediction consumed. Thus the avant-garde movements in Europe put the artist under pressure to exhibit a certain individuality, while also – rather contradictorily- being a producer, and as prolific, political and reactionary a producer as possible, There is a lot of talk, not about reform or forcing the Enlightenment project to live up to its own ideals, but about wholesale negation, revolution, another new sensibility, now self- affirming or self-creating, rather than a universalist or rational self-legitimation. This in turn suggests a tremendously heightened role for the artist, the figure whose imagination supposedly creates or shapes the sensibilities of civilization. In a sense, the avant-garde has been socially commissioned to forecast the future, to scouting out new intellectual terrain, Aesthetic modernity is characterized by attitudes which find a common focus in a changed consciousness of time The avant-garde understands itself as invading unknown territory, exposing itself to the dangers of sudden, shocking encounters, conquering an as yet unoccupied future. The avant-garde must find a direction in a landscape into which no one seems to have yet ventured Early Attempts to Overthrow Capitalism In many ways, Dada and Surrealism represent the most successful artistic rebellions against capitalist norms, as they have attacked the conventional assumption of meaning itself, and in doing so drew attention to the ridiculous fact that such an assumption existed at all, Dada has often been called nihilistic and its declared purpose was indeed to make clear to the public at large that all established values, moral or aesthetic, had been rendered meaningless by the catastrophe of the Great War Dada preached nonsense and anti-art with a vengeance It is as though the Artist jumped before she was pushed. With its effort to close the gap between producer and produced by making everything equally alien, Surrealism also sought to negate its creator, using, pure psychic automatism intended to express the true process of thought free from the exercise of reason and from any aesthetic or moral purpose . Habermas, too, asserts that Surrealism poses a threat to arts existential rights, but still fails in two ways, First, when the containers of an autonomously developed cultural sphere are shattered, the contents get dispersed. Nothing remains from a desublimated meaning or a destructured form; an emancipatory effect does not follow. Habermas draws attention to the levelling affect of contemporary communication networks: networks which challenge the hierarchical assumptions of classical Marxism, and which have, in scale, surpassed what any postmodern commentator – even in the 1980s- could have imagined. More so than ever, our media are democratic and interrelated, A rationalized everyday life, therefore, could hardly be saved from cultural impoverishment through breaking open a single cultural sphere art and so providing access to just one of the specialized knowledge complexes. Any active dissent can be transformed into a commodity, a product to assist the perpetuation of capitalism. Catchy slogans devised by revolutionaries are used to sell mortgages, paintings that challenge conventional assumptions about beauty and form are written about in books to be sold, and bought by galleries where their beauty and form can be admired and valued- bought and sold. As the â€Å"Anti-Naturals† recently wrote, on the subject, â€Å"It is the nature of the Spectacle to transform all experience into a consumer commodity. It is no surprise, then, that so much of modern capitalist production should be focused on the authenticity swindle. It is not merely that we are told that our authentic self is only a credit card order away. We must be told what and how to purchase. Since, in the midst of the Spectacle, all experience is real only when it can be consumed, it is natural to follow the guidance offered by the array of products engineered to address each particular need. In reality, it is quite easy to mass market to hundreds of millions of individuals,‚ since each quest is identical in its basic features.† Any words spoken against can be turned into rallying support. Art, like any powerful weapon, can always be turned against those who use it. Whatever doesnt kill power is killed by it. In this way the Dadaists watched their anti-art works being systematically categorised as works of art, and were forced to focus their whole project completely on the evasion of this recuperation. Five years of agitation against capital, war and morality, brought them to an impasse of suicide or silence. Everything the Dadaists made, said, wrote or performed seemed to be turned against its critical purpose and used against them- and they abandoned the project. Effectively, they went on strike. The Dadaists left a legacy in the form of recuperated, commodified art works, and in multiple imitations of their style and attitude. Their advocation of collage and photomontage is now everywhere in advertisements, their paradoxically anti-art art surely at the very heart of current post-modernist critical theory. They were correct in their belief that this capitalist appropriation was inevitable while they were merely producing, and not controlling the means of production, but in some ways, they did in fact constitute a challenge to bourgeois morality. Dadaism questioned the philosophical assumptions which justified smug bourgeois attitudes, and uncovered the hypocracy of World War 1s brutality legitimising propaganda. In the end they felt that their subversions of established values were merely contributing too much to the culture they had been trying to undermine. The Situationist Asger Jorn was emphatic about the failure of Marxist theory, to liberate of art from commodification , â€Å"Instead of abolishing the private character of property, socialism does nothing but augment them as much as possible, rending humans themselves useless and socially non-existent. The goal of the development of artistic liberation is the liberation of human values by the transformation of human qualities into real values. Here begins the artistic revolution against socialist development, the artistic revolution that is tied to the communist project . . .† Debord and the Situationist Reaction to Capitalism Debords 1967 book The Society of the Spectacle, represented an attempt to articulate as fully as possible the Situationist philosophy. The term spectacle refers to the colonization of everyday life by commodity in late capitalism, an extension of alienation experienced between production and consumption. The spectacles subjective, one-directional effect requires a kind of non-participation, eventually resulting in a breakdown of communication between people. Situationism distinguishes between classical and modern forms of capitalism. Where classical capitalism demanded that wasted time describes any time not spent at work, modern capitalism actually reverses that, using advertising and other spectacular means to declare that it is the time spent at work that is wasted, and work is justifiable only because it provides the monetary ability to consume. Marx wrote that, the worker feels at home when he is not working, and when he is working he does not feel at home The Situationists describe the spectacular society as a place where, the spectator feels at home nowhere, for the spectacle is everywhere . As Debord himself explains, So long as the realm of necessity remains a social dream, dreaming will remain a social necessity. The spectacle is the bad dream of modern society in chains, expressing nothing more than its wish for sleep. The spectacle is guardian of that sleep . However, the spectacle was not unique to capitalist society; the Situationists worked on a theory of the concentrated spectacle that would incorporate individual influences on capitalist regimes. This was principally contrived as a rhetorical framework to include the cult of personality in the dictatorships of places such as Cuba, the Soviet Union and China. The Situationists argued that the same tricks that society used to sell fast cars and kitchen appliances were used to promote and deify figures such as Chairman Mao. In anarchic efforts to subvert the spiritual and fiscal poverty of urban life under the tyranny of the spectacle, the Situationists developed a revolutionary art, departed from artistic convention. In their article Preliminaries Toward Defining a Unitary Revolutionary Program, Debord and the Marxist theorist Pierre Canjuers, assert, â€Å"At one pole, art is purely and simply recuperated by capitalism as a means of conditioning the population. At the other pole, capitalism grants art a perpetual privileged concession: that of pure creative activity, an alibi for the alienation of all other activities (which makes it the most expensive and prestigious status symbol). But at the same time, this sphere reserved for free creative activity is the only one in which the question of what we do with life and the question of communication are posed practically and in all their fullness. Here, in art, lies the basis of the antagonisms between partisans and adversaries of the officially dictated reasons for living. The established meaninglessness and separations give rise to the general crisis of traditional artistic means a crisis linked to the experience of alternative ways of living or the demand for such experience. Revolutionary artists are those who call for intervention; and who have themselves intervened in the sp ectacle in order to disrupt or destroy it.† Initially, the work the Situationist International produced was aimed at ridiculing formalist conceptions of the art object: Asger Jorn bought amateur paintings at flea markets and painted over them, subverting notions of authority and value. Giuseppe Pinot-Gallizio invented a style of â€Å"industrial† painting where the canvas was over a hundred metres long, then cut strips off for potential buyers, thereby subverting traditional preconceptions of arts autonomy. In reality these processes were eventually absorbed by a capitalist art market bought, sold, exhibited, written about, and for the most part, politically neutered. In his 1974 book Theory of the Avant-Garde, Peter Burger points out that the avant-garde artists main goal is to shock the viewer, typically accustomed to organic or formalist works of art, in the hope that such withdrawal of meaning will direct the readers attention to the fact that the conduct of ones life is questionable and that it is necessary to cha nge it He goes on to state that, Paradoxically, the avant-gardist intention to destroy art as an institution is thus realized in the work of art itself. The intention to revolutionize life by returning art to its praxis turns into a revolutionizing of art. This is the kind of logic that prompted the Situationists to agree to stop producing art in 1961, when they decided to cease considering themselves artists. Any remaining members unwilling to abandon traditional forms of art, including Jorn, Pinot-Gallizio, and Constant found themselves either being forced into ideological resignation or expulsion. â€Å"It is a question not of elaborating the spectacle of refusal, but rather of refusing the spectacle. In order for their elaboration to be artistic and authentic in the new and authentic sense defined by the SI, the elements of the destruction of the spectacle must precisely cease to be works of art. Once and for all. . . . Our position is that of combatants between two worlds one that we dont acknowledge, the other that does not yet exist.† In The Situationist City, Simon Sadler write that, in abandoning early Situationism, the Situationist International abandoned its imagining of utopia a devastating decision, surely unprecedented in the history of the avant-garde, and yet at the same time surely the situationists greatest contribution to that history: the recognition that in changing the world, avant-garde art cannot be a substitute for popular redistribution of power It seemed that the SI recognized that for any avant-garde to succeed, it would do best striving to produce artists, and not art. The Dadaists, too, were aware that both art and artist are part of the capitalist system, and consequently as guilty in their participation as any other commodity or worker. Marcuse and Adorno, in contrast, argued that the Dadaist project was misguided for its attacks on conventional art. They saw art as an autonomous entity, separate from capitalist interests, and something intrinsically apolitical that must be preserved rather than aggressively undermined. For Adorno, art bears an essential negativity derived from its peculiar Form; its rearrangements of reality are conducted according to a system quite alien to those of capitalism. This â€Å"Form† grants art a: refuge and a vantage point from which to denounce the reality established through domination. While Adorno and Marcuse criticised the anti-artists for attacking artistic Form, they agreed with the avant-gardists in their slightly utopic aspiration of abolishing the distinction that existed between art and the rest of reality. In fact, Marcuse wished to see a society organised around the aesthetic principles he believed resided only within art. Both argued that this integration could not be achieved if artists were allowed to participate. Art should be kept apolitical and protected, in a realm conducive to calm reflection that might remind us of the truth an authentic life can afford us after the revolution. So, although they expressed their rejection of this view in different ways, the Dadaists, Surrealists and Situationists all aspired to a collapse of the distinction between art and the rest of life in present: â€Å"everyday life†. Instead of waiting for the revolution, all three argued that the integration of art and life was in fact necessary for the achievement of revolution, a revolution made possible only by a combined cultural, ideological and economic assault on capitalism. Asger Jorn, again, on the failure of the socialist revolution, â€Å"The capitalist revolution was essentially a socialization of consumption. Capitalist industrialization brought humanity a socialization as profound as the socialization proposed by the socialists that of the means of production. The socialist revolution is the fulfillment of the capitalist revolution. The one element removed from the capitalist system is saving, because consumptions richness has already been eliminated by the capitalists themselves†¦ Real communism will be the leap into the domain of freedom and of value, of communication. Contrary to utilitarian value (normally known as material value), artistic value is the progressive value because, by a process of provocation, it is the valorization of humanity itself. Since Marx, economic politics has shown its impotence and its cowardice. A hyperpolitics will need to strive for the direct realization of humanity.† Walter Benjamins Authentic Opposition: Crisis of Reproduction Walter Benjamin is probably Adornos most established opponent, particularly since The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction, a work that concentrated upon defining the aura of traditional art preceding 1900, and assessed the decay of this aura under the impact of new media and cultural technologies. Benjamin argues that art has lost its authenticity because of mechanical mass reproduction in our capitalist-orientated culture industry. He is concerned about shifting attitudes to art, which came about as a consequence of the introduction of mechanical means of reproduction. Formerly unique objects, located in a particular space, lost their singularity as they became accessible to many people in diverse places. Lost too was the aura that was attached to a work of Art which was now open to many different readings and interpretations Unlike his Frankfurt School colleagues, however, and especially unlike Adorno, Benjamin argues, this loss of authenticity is actually a positive thing, because it democratizes and politicizes art. Benjamins claim that arts loss of authenticity might actually help free people, not enslave them in a capitalist culture industry starkly opposes Adornos ideas. In addition, each stage of reproduction of an original work of art also contributes to its loss of aura. According to Benjamin, then: culture has been transformed into an industry; thus art has become commodified; contemporary culture is the machinery by which oppressive ideologies are reproduced and disseminated; new media technologies such as phonographs, film and photography, serve to destroy arts aura and effectively demystify the process of creating art, making available radical new access and roles for art in mass culture; the spectator has become a collaborator and participant, who joins the author in determining the meaning of the production of the work of art. Art is successful only when it enables the critical contemplation of a viewer. Benjamin happily equates authenticity with authority- the authority of oppressive institutions such as the church or the state- and history. As Benjamin explains, the work of arts authenticity is the essence of all that is transmissible from its beginning, ranging from its substantive duration to its testimony to the history which it has experienced Until the 20th century, artworks retained their aura, their â€Å"authenticity† precisely because of their inability to be mass-reproduced, whether religious artifacts or one-off paintings commissioned by individual wealthy patrons. This conception clearly presents aura and authenticity as profoundly undemocratic, as the means of artistic production remain in the control of the rich and powerful, then able use such art to maintain control over the masses. The introduction of mechanical means of reproduction of art, particularly photography and film, caused the very foundations of this setup to be radically altered. For the first time it was possible for anyone to acquire the means to take photographs of a work of art, or at purchase an image of the work. However hard cultural elites in the late 19th century had tried to protect the aura of art works, the social advance of the masses and the invention of media such as film, which depends upon distribution to the masses, had led to the inevitable decay of the aura in the 20th century. Benjamin marks the distinction between manual and machine reproduction of art, The whole sphere of authenticity is outside technical, and, of course, not only technical reproducibility, he states, Confronted with its manual reproduction, which was usually branded as a forgery, the original preserved all its authority; not so vis a vis technical reproduction Benjamin states two reasons this occurs. Firstly, machine reproduction is more independent of the original than manual reproduction; secondly, technical reproduction can put the copy of the original into situations which would be out of reach for the original itself. So mass-produced copies are able to engage with the wider world in a manner not possible for the original or one-off copies. Benjamin summarises his ideas concerning reproduction by asserting the technique detaches the reproduced object from the domain of tradition. Many reproductions it substitutes a plurality of copies for a unique existence.† So to allow the reproduction to meet the beholder or listener in his own particular situation, is to reactivate the object reproduced, â€Å"It is these processes that lead to the tremendous shattering of tradition which is the obverse of the contemporary crisis and renewal of mankind In Benjamins conception, then, state and religious authorities have steadily lost the ability to control general access to such works of art, particularly since the 20th century began. This is most apparent in relation to the cinema, which destroyed the traces of aura with which art had been traditionally imbued; Benjamin cites arts historical value as a fundamental part of magical and religious rituals. In the process, capitalism strips art of its the idealistic, theological halo- to some extent a happy consequence and restorative, as it returns the art object to its non-utilitarian presence, its everyday reality. For Benjamin, an artworks â€Å"aura† refers to its uniqueness and the phenomena of distance, however close [an object] may be. He uses gives the example of distant mountains and a trees bough over head, both contain aura because they are images have not been effectively reproduced mechanically . Beyond the concepts of aura and authenticity, Benjamins concepts of reproduction and reversibility represent the core of his concerns about way in which arts role in society has been fundamentally altered in the 20th century. Benjamin proposes that the artworks aura of authenticity has withered away because of its reproduceability, and the process of reproduction brings art into closer proximity with a mass audience. However, paradoxically, as the authenticity erodes, the works essence becomes forefronted in the process, as it starts to become designed for reproducibility. As Benjamin describes it, â€Å"for the first time in world history, mechanical reproduction emancipates the work of art from its parasitical dependence on ritual. . . . From a photographic negative, for example, one can make any number of prints; to ask for an authentic print makes no sense. But the instant the criterion of authenticity ceases to be applicable to artistic production, the total function of art is reversed. Instead of being based on ritual, it begins to be based on another practice – politics†. Benjamins commentaries on the effects of reproduction inspired other writers, such as Lechte, â€Å"it is the process of reproduction as such which is revolutionary: the fact, for instance, that the photographic negative enables a veritable multiplication of originals. With the photograph, therefore, the spectre of the simulacrum emerges, although Benjamin never names it as such. The photograph as simulacrum by-passes the simple difference between original and copy† Barbara Krugers Situationism and the Irresistible Collage of Society Barbara Kruger addresses the negative aspects of capitalist society as an artist, writer, curator, lecturer and graphic designer. Her art is displayed both inside and outside museums and in a range of different forms. Occasionally her prints are framed and hung on the walls of museums and galleries in the traditional fashion, but Kruger is endlessly inventive, and often writes text to be printed or projected directly on the walls or floors of a museum. In Picturing Greatness, a photography exhibition curated by Kruger in 1987 for The Museum of Modern Art in New York, text was printed in large black type across a central partition. Kruger selected photographs for this exhibit from the museums collection, and according to the words on the partition, the photographs were mostly of mostly famous artists† who happened to be predominantly white and male. The text on the partition claimed the works can show us how vocation is ambushed by clichà © and snapped into stereotype by the camera, and how photography freezes moments, creates prominence and makes history. Krugers work continually questions the definition of art, artists and the ways in which â€Å"great art† should be exhibited. In this work, Kruger challenges the overwhelming dominance of male artists and draws attention to the females apparent invisibility in western art history. Just like the Situationists under Guy Debord, she has altered the meaning of art by rec ontextualising it. Crucially, the visitor to Krugers exhibition does not need to be familiar with the original photographs before seeing the show- even the uneducated viewer could read Krugers text, look at the original images and come to their own conclusions about the meaning. Thus the work achieves a kind of unique political democracy. Kruger has a background as a graphic designer, and as such creates effective bold images which are in many ways visually indistinguishable from advertisements, but rather than trying to sell a product, appeal directly to our social conscience. The subject of her text is always I, me, we, or you, as though Kruger engages in conversation with the viewer. Her messages probe the assumptions of the capitalist status quo: You are seduced by the sex appeal of the inorganic, When I hear the word culture, I take out my checkbook and We have received orders not to move. Similarly, Constant, of the COBRA group, proposed a city as a kind of physical expression of his utopia of â€Å"free play† which, in parts, bears striking resemblance to representations of the Internet, in books such as Mapping Cyberspace (with wild lines pouring out of the metropolis perhaps representing bandwidth and site traffic). Made with perspex and bike parts, Constants models and his diagrams for New Babylon demonstrate his yearning for future as something mobile, organic, animated, and self-celebratory. For Constant the city was a sort of perpetual festival of leisure. With its intricately connected wires suspending clear circular layers, ramps and walkways, Constants New Babylon recalls some kind of tensile organism. As Constant describes it, â€Å"The unfunctional character of this playground-like construction makes any logical division of the inner spaces senseless. We should rather think of a quite chaotic arrangement of small and bigger spaces that are constantly assembled and dissembles by means of standardized mobile construction elements like walls, floors and staircases. Thus the social space can be adapted to the ever-changing needs of an every changing population as it passes through the sector system.† Analogues with the Internet are irresistable. Equally, he could have been referring in a general way to those unique social structures which have grown from the anti-globalisation movement – structures which, although provisional, pragmatic and short term, are nevertheless ideologically committed to social change and serve as emblems of the ongoing struggle against capitalism, a battle fuelled entirely from reserves of creativity. Constants is city as collage, similar to that celebrated by the less politically motivated group, Archigram, in the UK (many of whose members now design massive architectural features for megaband stadium concerts). In this time of desperate connectivity and complicated layering of urban cultures, with invisible webs of communication engulfing us, the need to understand the city as a place beyond work and production seems more pressing than ever. The Situationist reaction to capitalism is also excellently expressed through anti capitalist collage: for example that of the General Lighting and Power group, whose slick mock-advertising images of soft focus female forms in leotards and computer graphics of office interiors and car accidents, wryly annotated with entertaining aphorisms such as: Aerobics is necessary: progress implies it (I see you baby, shaking that ass) and God is in the retailing Comparisons to Jenny Holzer and Barbara Kruger are obvious. Charles Rice, too, has observed the oversized billboard signs now proliferating in major cities, arguing convincingly that they serve to perpetuate the distance between the real and the impossible,these spatial fantasies effectively deliver identification with the distant and the unattainable† Many writers have noted the similarities between the Situationists idea of the derive (that is, the navigating of a city via means and routes other than those originally intended) and the experience of â€Å"surfing† the internet. Colin Fournier, architect and educator makes some potent observations on this area. It would seem that many of the characteristics of the internet reflect the S.I.s utopic city. The things considered prerequisite for their utopia: an ephemeral, negotiable type of city, where uses were determined by the population, surfing the web is like the idea of drifting or â€Å"deriving†, flaneur-like, through a city. The Situationist city and the web are uniquely flexible, anarchically dynamic: spacial relations secondary on any given route. The internet always seems to somehow recall the old Surrealist idea of using a map of one city to find ones way around another. Art as Capitalism: the Medias Re-appropriation of Images Increasingly, the media is becoming governed by imagery, and the average consumer is overwhelmed by visual information on a daily basis. Through sheer competition, the commercial sphere has been forced to use stranger, scarier, more extreme imagery to earn the attention of bewildered customers. Magazines such as Vogue have lured artists to their pages, where they are seen as innovative, visionary powers for re-inventing a complacent visual vocabulary. Thus, the traditional hierarchy of photography, in which the commercial and conceptual worlds were segregated, has been broken down into a fluid, integrated world- mutual respect has ensured that crossing the boundary either way no longer carries the taint or disrespect it once did. A new generation of artists have grown up with the rather cynical and postmodern idea that all things are commercially viable. Contemporary art school graduates are less likely to see their ventures into the commercial realm as contamination, and more as a necessary aspect of their endeavor. Commerce is incorporated into art at every level, from the means to the ends to the theme. That the common thread of art and fashion- the human body- has become such a commodity, seems like an obvious extension of this. Fashion spreads frequently borrow art photographers for their pages and mimic, in the case of Diesel and others, with considerable irony- the current art world trend towards narrative ambiguity and deliberately theatrical tableaux that recall â€Å"theoretical† artists like Jeff Wall and Cindy Sherman. Russel Wong is one such new generation artist, his work strongly informed by todays cultural fascination with celebrity. Wong has become famous through striking portraits of personalities from sports to music and movies, famous for capturing moments of vulnerability, warmth and humor. A number of Wongs photos have been used on the covers of international magazines. My photos are never confrontati

Comparing The Long Love That in My Thought Doth Harbor and The Flea Ess

Comparing Wyatt’s The Long Love That in My Thought Doth Harbor and Donne’s The Flea  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Every century has its own poetry; poetry has its own personality and aspects, especially love poems.   In the sixteenth century, poems about love were more about the court than the lover.   In the next century (the seventeenth), the poems of love were more about courting the lover.   An author from the sixteenth century, Sir Thomas Wyatt the Elder, is well known for his lyrics pertaining to love.   An author from the seventeenth century is John Donne, who is most famous for his love-poetry.   When comparing these two authors, the theme of love is very apparently different.   Sir Thomas Wyatt the Elder’s love poems, such as â€Å"The Long Love That in My Thought Doth Harbor,† â€Å"bear an imprint of a strongly individual personality.   But the personality is a very different one from John Donne’s. †1 One of John Donne’s lyrics, â€Å"The Flea,† is an exemplary of the seventeenth century’s love poems that have a theme that focuses on the lover.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the sixteenth century, the poems were obviously not written for the lover, but for the court.   The poem â€Å"The Long Love That in My Thought Doth Harbor† expresses this point through its imagery of a battle.   Not many people would compare their love to a battle, because if they did, it probably would not be a true love.   Wyatt’s conceit is a siege (battle), and he concentrates on the theme that the lover suffers in this poem.   Wyatt’s poems are not typical love poems; most people would expect desire, true love winning in t... ...found in the sixteenth century.   The seventeenth century is more open to the idea of a physical love as well as a spiritual love.   The sixteenth century focuses on love in the court rather than the lovers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The theme of love in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries is treated the same in some regards and differently in others.   On the whole, Donne compares love to what he feels, whereas Wyatt compares love to a battle.   Poems about love have drastically changed throughout the centuries.   Love poems have evolved, as have people.   But as the poem â€Å"The Long Love That in My Thought Doth Harbor† cites, â€Å"For good is the life ending faithfully.†Ã‚   It’s all worth it in the end.   â€Å"It is better to have loved and lost, than to have never loved at all.†   

Look at the opening of Nicolas Hytner Essay

   The music gets faster as he finds his way through the trees and bushes, Then he comes close to the area where the girls are though he does not it is them the music changes to a drum beat with Parris’ footsteps being able to be heard. The camera changes back to the girls with Abigail walking up to Tituba and then Abigail whispers in Abigail’s ear and Tituba looks scared and shocked as she say no. Abigail then turns around to the pot runs to it and picks up the chicken by its feet and hits its head of a rock breaking its neck the Abigail drinks the blood of the chicken. Then Abigail takes her clothes off, all the girls are screaming then one of the girls sees Parris coming towards them so they all run away except Betty who says that she cannot move. The camera angles through all of this were very fast and furious. Then everything starts to slow down with a picture of Parris on his own looking at the cauldron he lifts up the large spoon inside the pot and drops as if he was scared of it, when he see the chicken as well he gets annoyed though he is a bit scared. The next scene shows Betty in her bed, with a suspicion of witchcraft floating about the place. Only Tituba and Abigail are in the room with Betty there have about eight minutes of filming yet we hear no words spoken. There is obvious tension between Tituba and Abigail over what has happened. More tension is shown when Parris questions Abigail about the incident in the forest. Now music is played again with Abigail saying that they danced but Parris suspects witch craft though Abigail is saying that no spirits have been conjured. The next scene is of Elizabeth and John Proctor who are showing a lot of tension. This tension is raised because John Proctor had an affair with there former servant, and guess who that servant was†¦ Abigail Williams. The scene starts of quite pleasant really with John Proctor and his sons working, the music is quite cheerful, the camera angles are quite far of. John Proctor and his go inside with his sons going to bed and him going to have his dinner. Elizabeth gives it to him without speaking but when they do speak it is about how there marriage is falling apart. Then the final scene of tension is in Church with the whole village there when a song is sung the girls go over to Betty’s room then Abigail speaks to Betty saying she has told her father everything that happened in the woods. Then like lightning Betty wakes up with her saying â€Å"I bet you never told him that you drank a charm Abby, a charm to kill Goody Proctor†. Then the music gets very loud this is emphasising how important this scene really is. The others girls get quite scared and start to walk away so Abigail threatens them that she would kill anyone who tells on her doings. The camera is only on Abigail, but then Betty jumps up shouting she wants her mom and tries to fly to her out of the window but the girls hold her back and everyone in the church rubs out to them. This causes a lot of tension between all the girls and makes witch craft a better conclusion to what has been happening. In conclusion to Nicolas Hytner’s film of the play â€Å"The Crucible† was directed extremely well making them beginning of the film already better to the book the film sets the scene better and I believe that it also creates more tension. Also with the plot being so old it was sometimes easier to understand the words better with them being said correctly and with also being able to see what is going on. Nicolas Hytner has used cinematic features to the best they could be in this film there fore making the filming better for all viewers. Matthew Brooke English Coursework 20th Century Drama Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our  GCSE Arthur Miller  section.

Googling Googles Organizational Culture Communications

GOOGLING GOOGLE S ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE COMMUNICATIONS Elmer Fudwinger COM/530 COMMUNICATIONS FOR ACCOUNTANTS March 21, 2011 GOOGLING GOOGLE S ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE COMMUNICATIONS Fortune s magazine repeatedly crowns Google as ranking in the top 5 of the 100 Best Companies to Work For. Since its beginning in 1998, what role does Google s organizational culture and communications play in this coveted achievement? Their values are proudly displayed within their company website, particularly under their Philosophy link. How do such espoused values harmonize with their enacted values? What role might perception and conflict in group communication be credited with this companies incredible success? The correlation†¦show more content†¦Two-thirds of a company s score is based on the Institute s Culture Audit, which includes detailed questions about pay and benefit programs, and open-ended questions about the hiring practices, recognition programs, diversity efforts, and more. (Google, 2011, para. 2) What role might perception and conflict in group communication be credited with this companies incredible success? Google is an organization in which employees work in high-density clusters, with three or four staffers sharing spaces. (Robbins Judge, 2007, p. 571) Sales Engineering teams work together on major partnerships with companies such as MySpace, Dell, and Adobe. Software Engineering teams consist of men and women of various ages from diverse backgrounds, ethnicity, religions, and personalities. These teams are not immune to group conflict. Pseudo Conflicts, Simple Conflicts, Ego Conflicts, as well as related misconceptions regarding conflicts exist in such group communications. (Beebe Masterson, 2006, p. 3, 4) One way Google can use conflict to improve communication in these various groups is to guard against the pitfall of Conflict Avoidance, also called Groupthink. (p. 13) As Walter Lippman described it, When we all think alike, then no one is thinking. (p. 1) Another essential way to use the reality of conflict to enhance problem solving and decision making is for each group member to conscientiously apply the followingShow MoreRelatedWeb Search Engine and Google3206 Words   |  13 Pagesbusiness success story. Sergey Brin and Larry Page (Google’s founders) infused their start-up with an innovative, entrepreneurial culture and established an organizational structure that supported innovation and risk taking. While Brin, Page and their fellow â€Å"Googlers† pursued the company mission â€Å"to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful† passionately, they also took care to imbue Google’s culture with a strong sense of values and a distinct philosophyRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesmonumental mistakes to some firms and resounding successes for others? Through such evaluations and studies of contrasts, we may learn to improve batting averages in the intriguing, ever-challenging art of decision making. We will encounter organizational life cycles, with an organization growing and prospering, then failing (just as humans do), but occasionally resurging. Success rarely lasts forever, but even the most serious mistakes can be (but are not always) overcome. As in previous editions